November 1

November 1

Events

• 1009 – Berber forces led by Sulayman ibn al-Hakam defeat the Umayyad caliph Muhammad II of Córdoba in the battle of Alcolea.

• 1214 – The port city of Sinope surrenders to the Seljuq Turks.

• 1911 – World's first combat aerial bombing mission takes place in Libya during the Italo-Turkish War. Second Lieutenant Giulio Gavotti of Italy drops several small bombs.

• 1914 – World War I: The Australian Imperial Force (AIF) departed by ship in a single convoy from Albany, Western Australia bound for Egypt.

• 1922 – Abolition of the Ottoman sultanate: The last sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed VI, abdicates.
• 1928 – The Law on the Adoption and Implementation of the Turkish Alphabet, replaces the Arabic alphabet with the Latin alphabet.

• 1948 – Athenagoras I, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, is enthroned.

• 1954 – The Front de Libération Nationale fires the first shots of the Algerian War of Independence.

• 1956 – The Indian states Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and Mysore are formally created under the States Reorganisation Act; Kanyakumari district is joined to Tamil Nadu from Kerala.

• 2012 – A fuel tank truck crashes and explodes in the Saudi Arabian capital Riyadh, killing 26 people and injuring 135.

Births

• 1839 – Ahmed Muhtar Pasha, Ottoman general and politician, 227th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1919)

• 1924 – Süleyman Demirel, Turkish engineer and politician, 9th President of Turkey (d. 2015)

• 1944 – Rafic Hariri, Lebanese businessman and politician 60th Prime Minister of Lebanon (d. 2005)

• 1948 – Amani Abeid Karume, Zanzibar accountant and politician, 6th President of Zanzibar

• 1980 – Bilgin Defterli, Turkish footballer

Deaths

• 1958 – Yahya Kemal Beyatlı, Turkish poet, author, and diplomat (b. 1884)

• 2007 – S. Ali Raza, Indian director and screenwriter (b. 1922)^[20]

• 2011 – Cahit Aral, Turkish engineer and politician, Turkish Minister of Industry and Commerce (b. 1927)^[30]

Holidays and Observances