2025: January 28 (28 Rajab 1446 AH)
January 28
Events
Muhammad al-Baqir (full name Muhammad bin 'Ali bin al-Husayn bin Ali bin Abi Talib and also known as Abu Ja'far or simply al-Baqir ["the one who opens knowledge"] was the fifth Imam in Shia Islam, succeeding his father Zayn al-Abidin and succeeded by his son Ja'far al-Sadiq. His mother, Fatima Umm Abdallah, was the daughter of the second Shia Imam, Hasan ibn Ali. So, Muhammad al-Baqir was the first Imam descended from both grandsons of Muhammad: Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali.
Muhammad al-Baqir (b. 01 Rajab 57 AH [May 10, 676], Medina, Umayyad Empire - d. 07 Dhu al-Hijjah AH 114 [January 28, 732], Medina, Umayyad Empire) was born in Medina, about the time when Muawiyah was trying to take the oath of allegiance for his son, Yazid. As a child, al-Baqir witnessed the Tragedy of Karbala, in which all his male relatives, except his father who was ill, were killed. As a young man, al-Baqir observed the struggle for power between Umayyads, Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr and some Shia sects. At the same time, al-Baqir also saw his father resigning from political issues.
Al-Baqir is revered by Shiite Muslims for his religious leadership, and respected by Sunni Muslims for his knowledge and his Islamic scholarship as a jurist in Medina. Al-Baqir lived all his life in the city of Medina. However, most of his disciples lived in Kufa. Like his father, al-Baqir tried not to be engaged in the conflicts fueled against Umayyad Caliphs. He even tried to steer his half-brother, Zayd ibn Ali, away from the conflicts.
Al-Baqir, spent his time elaborating the theory of Imamat. He laid the foundation of Shi'ism, which was elaborated later by his son and successor, Ja'far al-Sadiq.
In Ma'athiru'l-Baqir, al-Baqir discussed a number of topics, from the nature of the soul and the qualities of the Ulama to the attributes of God and the divine nature (explaining that it was impossible for humans to understand it). A man asked him, "Should I think of anything (to understand Allah)?" al-Baqir replied: "Yes, but you have to imagine a thing which the mind cannot contain and which is without limit. He is unlike whatever comes into your mind. Nothing resembles Him nor can any thought reach Him." He also said, "Talk about the creation of Allah, but do not talk about Allah Himself, for that increases the owner of the talk nothing except perplexity."
- 1933 – The name "Pakistan" was coined by Choudhry Rahmat Ali Khan and was accepted by Indian Muslims who then thereby adopted it further for the Pakistan Movement seeking independence.
Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the world's fifth-most populous country with a population exceeding 212.2 million. It has the world's second-largest Muslim population. It is the 33rd largest country by area, spanning 881,913 square kilometers (340,509 square miles). Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometer (650-mile) coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest, and China to the northeast. It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor in the northwest and also shares a maritime border with Oman.
The territory that now constitutes Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures and intertwined with the history of the broader Indian subcontinent. The ancient history involves the Neolithic site of Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilization and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including Hindus, Indo-Greeks, Muslims, Turco-Mongols, Afghans and Sikhs. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Persian Achaemenid Empire, Alexander III of Macedon's empire, Seleucid Empire, the Indian Maurya Empire, the Kushan Empire, the Gupta Empire, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Ghaznavids Empire, the Ghurid Sultanate, the Delhi Sultanate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Sur Empire, the Afghan Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire (partially) and, most recently, the British Indian Empire.
Pakistan gained independence in 1947 as a homeland for Indian Muslims following the Pakistan Movement, which sought statehood for the Muslim-majority regions of British India through partition. It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country, with similarly diverse geography and wildlife. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. An ethnic civil war and Indian military intervention civil war and Indian military intervention in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh. In 1973, Pakistan adopted a new constitution which stipulated that all laws are to conform to the injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Qu'ran and Sunnah. In 2008, Pakistan transitioned to civilian rule. In 2010, Pakistan adopted a parliamentary system with periodic elections.
A middle power, Pakistan has the sixth-largest standing armed forces in the world and is also a nuclear power as well as a declared nuclear weapons state. It is ranked among the emerging growth-leaders and is backed by one of the world's largest and fastest-growing middle class populations. Pakistan's political history since independence has been characterized by periods of military rule, political instability and conflicts with India. The country continues to face challenging problems, including poverty, illiteracy and corruption. Pakistan is a member of the United Nations, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the OIC, the Commonwealth of Nations, the SAARC, the Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition, and is a major non-NATO ally.
- 1981 - Ronald Reagan lifted the remaining domestic petroleum price and allocation controls in the United States helping to end the 1979 energy crisis and to begin the 1980s oil glut.
Births
- 1717 - Mustafa III, Ottoman sultan (d. 1774)
- 1936 - Ismail Kadare, Albanian novelist, poet, essayist, and playwright
- 1950 - Hamas bin Isa Al Khalifa, Bahraini king
- 1950 - Naila Kabeer, Bangladeshi English economist and academic
- 1974 - Ramsey Nasr, Dutch author and poet
- 1986 - Asad Shafiq, Pakistani cricketer
Deaths
- 1921 - Mustafa Suphi, Turkish journalist and politician (b. 1883)
- 1953 - Neyzen Tevfik, Turkish philosopher and poet (b. 1879)
- 2002 - Ayse Nur Zarakolu, Turkish author and activist (b. 1946)
- 2015 - Suraj Abdurrahman, Nigerian general, architect, and engineer (b. 1954)
Holidays and Observances
8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
Comments
Post a Comment