January 31
Events
- 1900 - Datu Muhammad Salleh was killed in Kampung Teboh, Tambunan, ending the Mat Salleh Rebellion.
- 1942 - World War II: Allied forces were defeated by the Japanese at the Battle of Malaya and retreat to Singapore.
- 1946 - Cold War: Yugoslavia's new constitution, modeling that of the Soviet Union, established six constituent republics (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia)
- 2001 - In the Netherlands, a Scottish court convicted Libyan Abdelbaset al-Megrahi and acquitted another Libyan citizen for their part in the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland,
- 2019 - Abdullah of Pahang was sworn in as the 16th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.
Births
- 1884 - Mammad Amin Rasulzade, Azerbaijani scholar and politician, 1st President of The Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan (d. 1955)
- 1960 - Akbar Ganji, Iranian journalist and author
- 1966 - Umar Alisha, Indian journalist and philanthropist
Deaths
- 1561 - Bairam Khan, Mughalan general (b. 1501)
- 1990 - Rashad Khalifa, Egyptian American biochemist and academic (b. 1935)
- 2004 - Suraiya, Indian actress and playback singer (b. 1929)
Suraiya Jamal Sheikh (June 15, 1929 – January 31, 2004), popularly known by the mononym Suraiya, was a popular actress and playback singer in India's Hindi language films. She was active from 1936 to 1963.
In a career spanning from 1936 to 1963, Suraiya acted in 67 films and sang 338 songs. She was one of the greatest actresses of Hindi Cinema and a leading lady in Hindi language films in the 1940s and 1950s. She was also a renowned playback singer, who mostly sang for herself, starting from a song in Nai Duniya (1942) when she was only 12 years old.
Suraiya was known for her North Indian Muslim feudal style acting or adakari in many of her films. Suraiya made her first appearance as a child artist with the film Madame Fashion (1936), directed by Jaddan Bai. She made her acting debut with the film Taj Mahal in which she played the role of Mumtaz Mahal. In her heyday, she was known as Malika-e-Husn (queen of beauty), Malika-e-Tarannum (queen of melody) and Malika-e-Adakari (queen of acting). Suraiya was the highest-paid actress in the 1940s and 1950s and won several awards for her performances in Indian films.
- 2013 -- Amina Cachalia, South African activist and friend of Nelson Mandela (b. 1930)
Amina Cachalia (b. Amina Asvat; June 28, 1930, Vereeniging, South Africa – d. January 31, 2013, Johannesburg, South Africa) was a longtime friend and ally of Nelson Mandela. Her late husband was political activist Yusuf Cachalia.
Cachalia was born Amina Asvat, the ninth of eleven children in Vereeniging, South Africa, on June 28, 1930. Her parents were political activists Ebrahim and Fatima Asvat. She began campaigning against Apartheid and racial discrimination as a teenager. She became a women's rights activist, often focusing on economic issues, such as financial independence for women.
Amina and Yusuf Cachalia were friends of Nelson Mandela before his imprisonment at Robben Island in 1962. She became a staunch anti-apartheid activist. She spent fifteen years under house arrest throughout the 1960s and 1970s. She was the treasurer of the Federation of South African Women (Fedsaw), a leading supporter of the Federation of Transvaal Women, and a member of both the Transvaal Indian Youth Congress and Transvaal Indian Congress during the Apartheid era.
In 1995, Mandela asked Cachalia to marry him. At the time, he had been separated from his wife, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela. Cachalia turned down Mandela's proposal because she said that "I'm my own person and that I had just recently lost my husband whom I had enormous regard for". Mandela divorced Madikizela-Mandela a year later and married Graca Machel in 1998.
Cachalia was elected to the National Assembly of South Africa in the 1994 South African general election, the country's first with universal adult suffrage. In 2004, she was awarded the Order of Luthuli in Bronze for her contributions to gender and racial equality and democracy.
Cachalia died at Milpark Hospital in Parktown West, Johannesburg, January 31, 2013, aged 82. The cause of death was complications following an emergency operation due to a perforated ulcer.
Her funeral was held in her home in Parkview, Johannesburg, according to traditional Muslim customs. It was attended by South African President Jacob Zuma, former Presidents Thabo Mbeki and Kgalema Motlanthe, ANC Deputy Cyril Ramaphosa, former First Lady Graca Machel, former Finance Minister Trevor Manuel and fellow activist Ahmed Kathrada, among others.
After her death, in March 2013, her autobiography When Hope and History Rhyme was published.
- 2013 - Hassan Habibi, Iranian lawyer and politician, 1st Vice President of Iran (b. 1937)
- 2014 - Abdirizak Haji Hussein, Somalian politician, 4th Prime Minister of Somalia (b. 1924)
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1 Sha'ban
Events
Births
Zaynab bint 'Ali (c. 626–682), was the eldest daughter of Fatima and 'Ali ibn Abi Talib. The former was a daughter of the Prophet Muhammad, and the latter was his cousin. 'Ali is also recognized as the fourth Rashidun caliph (r. 656–661) and the first Shi'a imam. Zaynab is best known for her role in the aftermath of the Battle of Karbala (680 CC), in which her brother Husayn and most of her male relatives were massacred by the forces of the Umayyad Caliph Yazid ibn Mua'wiya (r. 680–683). Women and children in Husayn's camp were taken captive after the battle and marched to Kufa and then the Umayyad capital Damascus, where Zaynab gave impassioned speeches, condemning Yazid and spreading the news of Karbala. She was later freed and died shortly afterward in 682, but her burial site is uncertain. The two shrines associated with Zaynab in Damascus and Cairo are destinations for Muslim pilgrimage. She is considered to be a symbol of sacrifice, strength, and piety in Islam, and a role model for Muslim women, typifying courage, leadership, and defiance against oppression.
Deaths
Holidays and Observances
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