2025: February 4 (5 Sha'ban 1446 AH)

 February 4

Events


Births

  • 1921 – Lotfi Zadeh, Iranian-American mathematician and computer scientist and founder of fuzzy logic (d. 2017)

Lotfi Aliasker Zadeh[5] (/ˈzɑːdeɪ/; Azerbaijani: Lütfi Rəhim oğlu Ələsgərzadə;[6] Persian: لطفی علی‌عسگرزاده‎;[4] February 4, 1921 – September 6, 2017)[1][2] was a mathematician, computer scientist, electrical engineer, artificial intelligence researcher and professor emeritus[7] of computer science at the University of California, Berkeley.

Zadeh was best known for proposing fuzzy mathematics consisting of these fuzzy-related concepts: fuzzy sets,[8] fuzzy logic,[9] fuzzy algorithms,[10] fuzzy semantics,[11] fuzzy languages,[12] fuzzy control,[13] fuzzy systems,[14] fuzzy probabilities,[15] fuzzy events,[15] and fuzzy information.[16]

Zadeh was born in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR,[18] as Lotfi Aliaskerzadeh,[19] to Rahim Aleskerzade, an Iranian Azerbaijani journalist from Ardabil on assignment from Iran, and Fanya Korenman, a Russian Jewish pediatrician from Odessa and an Iranian citizen.[20][21][22][23] The Soviet government at this time courted foreign correspondents, and the family lived well while in Baku.[24] Zadeh attended elementary school for three years there,[24] which he said "had a significant and long-lasting influence on my thinking and my way of looking at things."[25]

In 1931, when Zadeh was ten years old, his family moved to Tehran in Iran, his father's homeland. Zadeh was enrolled in Alborz College, which was a Presbyterian missionary school, where he was educated for the next eight years, and where he met his future wife, Fay.[24] Zadeh says that he was "deeply influenced" by the "extremely decent, fine, honest and helpful" missionaries from the United States who ran the college. "To me they represented the best that you could find in the United States – people from the Midwest with strong roots. They were really 'Good Samaritans' – willing to give of themselves for the benefit of others. So this kind of attitude influenced me deeply. It also instilled in me a deep desire to live in the United States."[25] During this time, Zadeh was awarded several patents.[24]

Despite being more fluent in Russian than in Persian, Zadeh sat for the national university exams and placed third in the entire country.[24] As a student, he ranked first in his class in his first two years. In 1942, he graduated from the University of Tehran with a degree in electrical engineering, one of only three students in that field to graduate that year, due to the turmoil created by World War II, when the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union invaded Iran. Over 30,000 American soldiers were based there, and Zadeh worked with his father, who did business with them as a contractor for hardware and building materials.[26]

In 1943, Zadeh decided to emigrate to the United States, and traveled to Philadelphia by way of Cairo after months of delay waiting for the proper papers or for the right ship to appear. He arrived in mid-1944, and entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) as a graduate student later that year.[26] While in the United States, he changed his name to Lotfi Asker Zadeh.[19]

He received an MS degree in electrical engineering from MIT in 1946, and then applied to Columbia University, as his parents had settled in New York City.[26] Columbia admitted him as a doctoral student, and offered him an instructorship as well.[26] He received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Columbia in 1949, and became an assistant professor the next year.[23][26]

Zadeh taught for ten years at Columbia, was promoted to Full Professor in 1957, and taught at the University of California, Berkeley from 1959 on. He published his seminal work on fuzzy sets in 1965, in which he detailed the mathematics of fuzzy set theory. In 1973 he proposed his theory of fuzzy logic.

In fuzzy mathematics, fuzzy logic is a form of many-valued logic in which the truth values of variables may be any real number between 0 and 1 both inclusive. It is employed to handle the concept of partial truth, where the truth value may range between completely true and completely false.[1] By contrast, in Boolean logic, the truth values of variables may only be the integer values 0 or 1.

The term fuzzy logic was introduced with the 1965 proposal of fuzzy set theory by Lotfi Zadeh.[2][3] Fuzzy logic had, however, been studied since the 1920s, as infinite-valued logic—notably by Łukasiewicz and Tarski.[4]

Fuzzy logic is based on the observation that people make decisions based on imprecise and non-numerical information. Fuzzy models or sets are mathematical means of representing vagueness and imprecise information (hence the term fuzzy). These models have the capability of recognising, representing, manipulating, interpreting, and utilising data and information that are vague and lack certainty.[5]

Fuzzy logic has been applied to many fields, from control theory to artificial intelligence.




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